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# axios [](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios) [](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)  [](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios) [](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios) [](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios) [](http://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios) [](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios) [](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios) Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js > New axios docs website: [click here](https://axios-http.com/) ## Table of Contents - [Features](#features) - [Browser Support](#browser-support) - [Installing](#installing) - [Example](#example) - [Axios API](#axios-api) - [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases) - [Concurrency (Deprecated)](#concurrency-deprecated) - [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance) - [Instance methods](#instance-methods) - [Request Config](#request-config) - [Response Schema](#response-schema) - [Config Defaults](#config-defaults) - [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults) - [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults) - [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence) - [Interceptors](#interceptors) - [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) - [Cancellation](#cancellation) - [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format) - [Browser](#browser) - [Node.js](#nodejs) - [Query string](#query-string) - [Form data](#form-data) - [Semver](#semver) - [Promises](#promises) - [TypeScript](#typescript) - [Resources](#resources) - [Credits](#credits) - [License](#license) ## Features - Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser - Make [http](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js - Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API - Intercept request and response - Transform request and response data - Cancel requests - Automatic transforms for JSON data - Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) ## Browser Support  |  |  |  |  |  | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ | [](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios) ## Installing Using npm: ```bash $ npm install axios ``` Using bower: ```bash $ bower install axios ``` Using yarn: ```bash $ yarn add axios ``` Using jsDelivr CDN: ```html <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> ``` Using unpkg CDN: ```html <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script> ``` ## Example ### note: CommonJS usage In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()` use the following approach: ```js const axios = require('axios').default; // axios.<method> will now provide autocomplete and parameter typings ``` Performing a `GET` request ```js const axios = require('axios'); // Make a request for a user with a given ID axios.get('/user?ID=12345') .then(function (response) { // handle success console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { // handle error console.log(error); }) .then(function () { // always executed }); // Optionally the request above could also be done as axios.get('/user', { params: { ID: 12345 } }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }) .then(function () { // always executed }); // Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method. async function getUser() { try { const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345'); console.log(response); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } } ``` > **NOTE:** `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet > Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution. Performing a `POST` request ```js axios.post('/user', { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); }); ``` Performing multiple concurrent requests ```js function getUserAccount() { return axios.get('/user/12345'); } function getUserPermissions() { return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions'); } Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()]) .then(function (results) { const acct = results[0]; const perm = results[1]; }); ``` ## axios API Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`. ##### axios(config) ```js // Send a POST request axios({ method: 'post', url: '/user/12345', data: { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' } }); ``` ```js // GET request for remote image in node.js axios({ method: 'get', url: 'http://bit.ly/2mTM3nY', responseType: 'stream' }) .then(function (response) { response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg')) }); ``` ##### axios(url[, config]) ```js // Send a GET request (default method) axios('/user/12345'); ``` ### Request method aliases For convenience aliases have been provided for all supported request methods. ##### axios.request(config) ##### axios.get(url[, config]) ##### axios.delete(url[, config]) ##### axios.head(url[, config]) ##### axios.options(url[, config]) ##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]]) ##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]]) ##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]]) ###### NOTE When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config. ### Concurrency (Deprecated) Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions. Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests. axios.all(iterable) axios.spread(callback) ### Creating an instance You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config. ##### axios.create([config]) ```js const instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', timeout: 1000, headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'} }); ``` ### Instance methods The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config. ##### axios#request(config) ##### axios#get(url[, config]) ##### axios#delete(url[, config]) ##### axios#head(url[, config]) ##### axios#options(url[, config]) ##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]]) ##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]]) ##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]]) ##### axios#getUri([config]) ## Request Config These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified. ```js { // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request url: '/user', // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request method: 'get', // default // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute. // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs // to methods of that instance. baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE' // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer, // FormData or Stream // You may modify the headers object. transformRequest: [function (data, headers) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before // it is passed to then/catch transformResponse: [function (data) { // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; }], // `headers` are custom headers to be sent headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}, // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object params: { ID: 12345 }, // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params` // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) paramsSerializer: function (params) { return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) }, // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH' // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types: // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob // - Node only: Stream, Buffer data: { firstName: 'Fred' }, // syntax alternative to send data into the body // method post // only the value is sent, not the key data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte', // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out. // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted. timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout) // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests // should be made using credentials withCredentials: false, // default // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier. // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md). adapter: function (config) { /* ... */ }, // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials. // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter. // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead. auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }, // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream' // browser only: 'blob' responseType: 'json', // default // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only) // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads // browser only onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads // browser only onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // Do whatever you want with the native progress event }, // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js maxContentLength: 2000, // `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed maxBodyLength: 2000, // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null` // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be // rejected. validateStatus: function (status) { return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default }, // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js. // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed. maxRedirects: 5, // default // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js. // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon. // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified. // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used. socketPath: null, // default // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default. httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server. // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied. // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables. // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and // supplies credentials. // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. // If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`. proxy: { protocol: 'https', host: '127.0.0.1', port: 9000, auth: { username: 'mikeymike', password: 'rapunz3l' } }, // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request // (see Cancellation section below for details) cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) { }), // `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed // automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header // from the responses objects of all decompressed responses // - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression) decompress: true, // default // transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions transitional: { // silent JSON parsing mode // `true` - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour) // `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json') silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version // try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json' forcedJSONParsing: true, // throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts clarifyTimeoutError: false, } } ``` ## Response Schema The response for a request contains the following information. ```js { // `data` is the response that was provided by the server data: {}, // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response status: 200, // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response statusText: 'OK', // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation. // Example: `response.headers['content-type']` headers: {}, // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request config: {}, // `request` is the request that generated this response // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects) // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser request: {} } ``` When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows: ```js axios.get('/user/12345') .then(function (response) { console.log(response.data); console.log(response.status); console.log(response.statusText); console.log(response.headers); console.log(response.config); }); ``` When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section. ## Config Defaults You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request. ### Global axios defaults ```js axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com'; // Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them. // See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead. axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN; axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; ``` ### Custom instance defaults ```js // Set config defaults when creating the instance const instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://api.example.com' }); // Alter defaults after instance has been created instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN; ``` ### Config order of precedence Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example. ```js // Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library // At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library const instance = axios.create(); // Override timeout default for the library // Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out instance.defaults.timeout = 2500; // Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time instance.get('/longRequest', { timeout: 5000 }); ``` ## Interceptors You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`. ```js // Add a request interceptor axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) { // Do something before request is sent return config; }, function (error) { // Do something with request error return Promise.reject(error); }); // Add a response interceptor axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) { // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger // Do something with response data return response; }, function (error) { // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger // Do something with response error return Promise.reject(error); }); ``` If you need to remove an interceptor later you can. ```js const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/}); axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor); ``` You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios. ```js const instance = axios.create(); instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/}); ``` When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution. ```js axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) { config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!'; return config; }, null, { synchronous: true }); ``` If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check, you can add a `runWhen` function to the options object. The interceptor will not be executed **if and only if** the return of `runWhen` is `false`. The function will be called with the config object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times. ```js function onGetCall(config) { return config.method === 'get'; } axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) { config.headers.test = 'special get headers'; return config; }, null, { runWhen: onGetCall }); ``` ## Handling Errors ```js axios.get('/user/12345') .catch(function (error) { if (error.response) { // The request was made and the server responded with a status code // that falls out of the range of 2xx console.log(error.response.data); console.log(error.response.status); console.log(error.response.headers); } else if (error.request) { // The request was made but no response was received // `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of // http.ClientRequest in node.js console.log(error.request); } else { // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error console.log('Error', error.message); } console.log(error.config); }); ``` Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error. ```js axios.get('/user/12345', { validateStatus: function (status) { return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500 } }) ``` Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error. ```js axios.get('/user/12345') .catch(function (error) { console.log(error.toJSON()); }); ``` ## Cancellation You can cancel a request using a *cancel token*. > The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancelable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises). You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below: ```js const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken; const source = CancelToken.source(); axios.get('/user/12345', { cancelToken: source.token }).catch(function (thrown) { if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) { console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message); } else { // handle error } }); axios.post('/user/12345', { name: 'new name' }, { cancelToken: source.token }) // cancel the request (the message parameter is optional) source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.'); ``` You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor: ```js const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken; let cancel; axios.get('/user/12345', { cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) { // An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter cancel = c; }) }); // cancel the request cancel(); ``` > Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token. > If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make real request. ## Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format instead, you can use one of the following options. ### Browser In a browser, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API as follows: ```js const params = new URLSearchParams(); params.append('param1', 'value1'); params.append('param2', 'value2'); axios.post('/foo', params); ``` > Note that `URLSearchParams` is not supported by all browsers (see [caniuse.com](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams)), but there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment). Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library: ```js const qs = require('qs'); axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 })); ``` Or in another way (ES6), ```js import qs from 'qs'; const data = { 'bar': 123 }; const options = { method: 'POST', headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' }, data: qs.stringify(data), url, }; axios(options); ``` ### Node.js #### Query string In node.js, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows: ```js const querystring = require('querystring'); axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' })); ``` or ['URLSearchParams'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) from ['url module'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html) as follows: ```js const url = require('url'); const params = new url.URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' }); axios.post('http://something.com/', params.toString()); ``` You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library. ###### NOTE The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has known issues with that use case (https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665). #### Form data In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows: ```js const FormData = require('form-data'); const form = new FormData(); form.append('my_field', 'my value'); form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10)); form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg')); axios.post('https://example.com', form, { headers: form.getHeaders() }) ``` Alternatively, use an interceptor: ```js axios.interceptors.request.use(config => { if (config.data instanceof FormData) { Object.assign(config.headers, config.data.getHeaders()); } return config; }); ``` ## Semver Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes. ## Promises axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](http://caniuse.com/promises). If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise). ## TypeScript axios includes [TypeScript](http://typescriptlang.org) definitions and a type guard for axios errors. ```typescript let user: User = null; try { const { data } = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345'); user = data.userDetails; } catch (error) { if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) { handleAxiosError(error); } else { handleUnexpectedError(error); } } ``` ## Online one-click setup You can use Gitpod an online IDE(which is free for Open Source) for contributing or running the examples online. [](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/examples/server.js) ## Resources * [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) * [Upgrade Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md) * [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/ECOSYSTEM.md) * [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) * [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) ## Credits axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [Angular](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of Angular. ## License [MIT](LICENSE)