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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v22.22.0"> <title>String decoder | Node.js v22.22.0 Documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/string_decoder.html"> <script async defer src="assets/api.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> const storedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme'); // Follow operating system theme preference if (storedTheme === null && window.matchMedia) { const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'); if (mq.matches) { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode'); } } else if (storedTheme === 'dark') { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode'); } </script> 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href="#stringdecoderendbuffer"><code>stringDecoder.end([buffer])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#stringdecoderwritebuffer"><code>stringDecoder.write(buffer)</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#gtoc-picker" aria-controls="gtoc-picker"> <span class="picker-arrow"></span> Index </a> <div class="picker" tabindex="-1" id="gtoc-picker"><ul> <li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li> <li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li> <li> <a href="index.html">Index</a> </li> </ul> <hr class="line"> <ul> <li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li> <li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context tracking</a></li> <li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li> <li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li> <li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ 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href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v18.x/api/string_decoder.html">18.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v17.x/api/string_decoder.html">17.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v16.x/api/string_decoder.html">16.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v15.x/api/string_decoder.html">15.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v14.x/api/string_decoder.html">14.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v13.x/api/string_decoder.html">13.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v12.x/api/string_decoder.html">12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v11.x/api/string_decoder.html">11.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v10.x/api/string_decoder.html">10.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v9.x/api/string_decoder.html">9.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v8.x/api/string_decoder.html">8.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v7.x/api/string_decoder.html">7.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v6.x/api/string_decoder.html">6.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v5.x/api/string_decoder.html">5.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v4.x/api/string_decoder.html">4.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.12.x/api/string_decoder.html">0.12.x</a></li> <li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v0.10.x/api/string_decoder.html">0.10.x</a></li></ol></div> </li> <li class="picker-header"> <a href="#options-picker" aria-controls="options-picker"> <span class="picker-arrow"></span> Options </a> <div class="picker" tabindex="-1"> <ul id="options-picker"> <li> <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> </li> <li> <a href="string_decoder.json">View as JSON</a> </li> <li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/main/doc/api/string_decoder.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> </header> <details role="navigation" id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul> <li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#string-decoder">String decoder</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="#class-stringdecoder">Class: <code>StringDecoder</code></a> <ul> <li><a href="#new-stringdecoderencoding"><code>new StringDecoder([encoding])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#stringdecoderendbuffer"><code>stringDecoder.end([buffer])</code></a></li> <li><a href="#stringdecoderwritebuffer"><code>stringDecoder.write(buffer)</code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></details> <div role="main" id="apicontent"> <h2>String decoder<span><a class="mark" href="#string-decoder" id="string-decoder">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="string_decoder_string_decoder"></a></h2> <p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable</div><p></p> <p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.22.0/lib/string_decoder.js">lib/string_decoder.js</a></p> <p>The <code>node:string_decoder</code> module provides an API for decoding <code>Buffer</code> objects into strings in a manner that preserves encoded multi-byte UTF-8 and UTF-16 characters. It can be accessed using:</p> <pre class="with-57-chars"><input class="js-flavor-toggle" type="checkbox" checked aria-label="Show modern ES modules syntax"><code class="language-js mjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>;</code><code class="language-js cjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>);</code><button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre> <p>The following example shows the basic use of the <code>StringDecoder</code> class.</p> <pre class="with-57-chars"><input class="js-flavor-toggle" type="checkbox" checked aria-label="Show modern ES modules syntax"><code class="language-js mjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:buffer'</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> decoder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'utf8'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> cent = <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xC2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0xA2</span>]); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(cent)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: ¢</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> euro = <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xE2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0x82</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0xAC</span>]); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(euro)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: €</span></code><code class="language-js cjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> decoder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'utf8'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> cent = <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xC2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0xA2</span>]); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(cent)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: ¢</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> euro = <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xE2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0x82</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0xAC</span>]); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(euro)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: €</span></code><button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre> <p>When a <code>Buffer</code> instance is written to the <code>StringDecoder</code> instance, an internal buffer is used to ensure that the decoded string does not contain any incomplete multibyte characters. These are held in the buffer until the next call to <code>stringDecoder.write()</code> or until <code>stringDecoder.end()</code> is called.</p> <p>In the following example, the three UTF-8 encoded bytes of the European Euro symbol (<code>€</code>) are written over three separate operations:</p> <pre class="with-57-chars"><input class="js-flavor-toggle" type="checkbox" checked aria-label="Show modern ES modules syntax"><code class="language-js mjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span> } <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> <span class="hljs-string">'node:buffer'</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> decoder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'utf8'</span>); decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xE2</span>])); decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0x82</span>])); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xAC</span>]))); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: €</span></code><code class="language-js cjs"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> { <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span> } = <span class="hljs-built_in">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'node:string_decoder'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> decoder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">StringDecoder</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'utf8'</span>); decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xE2</span>])); decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">write</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0x82</span>])); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(decoder.<span class="hljs-title function_">end</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_">Buffer</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">from</span>([<span class="hljs-number">0xAC</span>]))); <span class="hljs-comment">// Prints: €</span></code><button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre> <section><h3>Class: <code>StringDecoder</code><span><a class="mark" href="#class-stringdecoder" id="class-stringdecoder">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="string_decoder_class_stringdecoder"></a></h3> <div> <h4><code>new StringDecoder([encoding])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#new-stringdecoderencoding" id="new-stringdecoderencoding">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="string_decoder_new_stringdecoder_encoding"></a></h4> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.1.99</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> The character <a href="buffer.html#buffers-and-character-encodings">encoding</a> the <code>StringDecoder</code> will use. <strong>Default:</strong> <code>'utf8'</code>.</li> </ul> <p>Creates a new <code>StringDecoder</code> instance.</p> </div><div> <h4><code>stringDecoder.end([buffer])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#stringdecoderendbuffer" id="stringdecoderendbuffer">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="string_decoder_stringdecoder_end_buffer"></a></h4> <div class="api_metadata"> <span>Added in: v0.9.3</span> </div> <ul> <li><code>buffer</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="buffer.html#class-buffer" class="type"><Buffer></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray" class="type"><TypedArray></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/DataView" class="type"><DataView></a> The bytes to decode.</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>Returns any remaining input stored in the internal buffer as a string. Bytes representing incomplete UTF-8 and UTF-16 characters will be replaced with substitution characters appropriate for the character encoding.</p> <p>If the <code>buffer</code> argument is provided, one final call to <code>stringDecoder.write()</code> is performed before returning the remaining input. After <code>end()</code> is called, the <code>stringDecoder</code> object can be reused for new input.</p> </div><div> <h4><code>stringDecoder.write(buffer)</code><span><a class="mark" href="#stringdecoderwritebuffer" id="stringdecoderwritebuffer">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="string_decoder_stringdecoder_write_buffer"></a></h4> <div class="api_metadata"> <details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary> <table> <tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr> <tr><td>v8.0.0</td> <td><p>Each invalid character is now replaced by a single replacement character instead of one for each individual byte.</p></td></tr> <tr><td>v0.1.99</td> <td><p><span>Added in: v0.1.99</span></p></td></tr> </tbody></table> </details> </div> <ul> <li><code>buffer</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a> | <a href="buffer.html#class-buffer" class="type"><Buffer></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray" class="type"><TypedArray></a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/DataView" class="type"><DataView></a> The bytes to decode.</li> <li>Returns: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type"><string></a></li> </ul> <p>Returns a decoded string, ensuring that any incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the <code>Buffer</code>, or <code>TypedArray</code>, or <code>DataView</code> are omitted from the returned string and stored in an internal buffer for the next call to <code>stringDecoder.write()</code> or <code>stringDecoder.end()</code>.</p></div></section> <!-- API END --> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>