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Filename : pythoncalls_example.txt
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Demonstrations of ucalls.


ucalls summarizes method calls in various high-level languages, including Java,
Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and Linux system calls. It displays statistics on
the most frequently called methods, as well as the latency (duration) of these
methods.

Through the syscalls support, ucalls can provide basic information on a 
process' interaction with the system including syscall counts and latencies. 
This can then be used for further exploration with other BCC tools like trace,
argdist, biotop, fileslower, and others.

For example, to trace method call latency in a Java application:

# ucalls -L $(pidof java)
Tracing calls in process 26877 (language: java)... Ctrl-C to quit.

METHOD                                              # CALLS TIME (us)
java/io/BufferedInputStream.getBufIfOpen                  1 7.00
slowy/App.isSimplePrime                                8970 8858.35
slowy/App.isDivisible                               3228196 3076985.12
slowy/App.isPrime                                      8969 4841017.64
^C


To trace only syscalls in a particular process and print the top 10 most 
frequently-invoked ones:

# ucalls -l none -ST 10 7913
Attached kernel tracepoints for syscall tracing.
Tracing calls in process 7913 (language: none)... Ctrl-C to quit.
^C
METHOD                                              # CALLS
timerfd_settime                                           9
tgkill                                                   10
getpid                                                   10
stat                                                     80
writev                                                  158
pselect6                                                204
rt_sigreturn                                            301
rt_sigprocmask                                          872
poll                                                   1387
recvmsg                                                1417
Detaching kernel probes, please wait...


To print only the top 5 methods and report times in milliseconds (the default
is microseconds):

# ucalls -mT 5 $(pidof python)
Tracing calls in process 26914 (language: python)... Ctrl-C to quit.

METHOD                                              # CALLS
<stdin>.<module>                                          1
<stdin>.fibo                                       14190928
^C


USAGE message:

# ./ucalls.py -h
usage: ucalls.py [-h] [-l {java,perl,php,python,ruby,tcl,none}] [-T TOP] [-L] [-S] [-v]
                 [-m]
                 pid [interval]

Summarize method calls in high-level languages.

positional arguments:
  pid                   process id to attach to
  interval              print every specified number of seconds

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -l {java,perl,php,python,ruby,tcl,none}, --language {java,perl,php,python,ruby,tcl,none}
                        language to trace (if none, trace syscalls only)
  -T TOP, --top TOP     number of most frequent/slow calls to print
  -L, --latency         record method latency from enter to exit (except
                        recursive calls)
  -S, --syscalls        record syscall latency (adds overhead)
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode: print the BPF program (for debugging
                        purposes)
  -m, --milliseconds    report times in milliseconds (default is microseconds)

examples:
    ./ucalls -l java 185        # trace Java calls and print statistics on ^C
    ./ucalls -l python 2020 1   # trace Python calls and print every second
    ./ucalls -l java 185 -S     # trace Java calls and syscalls
    ./ucalls 6712 -S            # trace only syscall counts
    ./ucalls -l ruby 1344 -T 10 # trace top 10 Ruby method calls
    ./ucalls -l ruby 1344 -L    # trace Ruby calls including latency
    ./ucalls -l php 443 -LS     # trace PHP calls and syscalls with latency
    ./ucalls -l python 2020 -mL # trace Python calls including latency in ms